Early 1st Millennium BC


This period will be divided into periods of 100 years.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Antiquity

This period will be divided into periods of 100 years.

10th Century BC (901-1000)

9th Century BC (801-900 BC)

8th Century BC (701-800 BC)

c 800 BC. Homer credited with composing the "Illiad" and the "Odyssey".

7th Century BC (601-700 BC)

c. 650 BC - c. 600 BC Zoroaster, founder of Zoroastrianism, lived and preached in Persia.

6th Century BC (501-600 BC)

c. 599 - c. 525 Mahavira, considered founder of Jainism, lived and preached in India.
c. 560 - c 480 BC Gautama Buddha, considered founder of Buddhism, lived and preached in India.
551 - 479 BC Confucius wrote and taught in China. He is considered the original author of the "Analects".
c. 550 BC Lao-tzu wrote and taught in China, establishing Taoism. He is considered the original author of the "Tao Te Ching".
c. 550 - 539 BC Cyrus the Great established the Persian Empire.


Other History Connections to prehistory are weak. This is also weakly connected with other periods of antiquity through the 2nd millennium BC, which immediately precedes this. This is followed by classical and medieval history, specifically the early classical period. Much knowledge about this period was lost in late classical times, and especially early medieval times. In late medieval times, investigations began again. In modern times, the principal sources in Western Civilization were Greek and Biblical, which were taken almost without question in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Then, in the 19th century, archeological investigations and othe studies also began. In the 20th century, knowlege of this period has expanded considerably. The future is obscure.	Links to other sites: Not yet developed.
Sociology Peoples of the world are highly important. Although few of the modern nations existed during this period, they still form something of a guide to examination of the peoples of the early first millennium. Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Malawi, Ecuador, Niger, Guatemala, Senegal, Angola, Zimbabwe, Mali, Zambia, Cuba, Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Tunisia, Czech Republic, Guinea, Rwanda, Serbia, Chad, Hungary, Belarus Somalia, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Sweden, Haiti, Burundi, Benin, Austria Azerbaijan, Honduras, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Tajikistan, Israel, El Salvador, Hong Kong Paraguay, Laos, Sierra Leone, and Jordan can be examined. In Western Civilization, the preclassic greek peoples were significant. Netherlands can be connected. Among Anglic peoples, I know little of UK except that Iron age technology can be found in this period. Latin peoples including those of Spain can be considered for this period. Among Italic peoples, in Italy, the Etruscans were present and ruled Italic-speaking peoples. Rome was said to have been founded in this period. Among the French peoples, France seems to have been inhabited by Gauls. Among Germanic peoples, I know little of Germany during this period. Among Northeast European peoples, in Russia the nomadic Cimmerians and Scythians seem to have been important. Ukraine can be considered. Poland can be connected. Balkan peoples including those of Romania can be considered. Asiatic peoples can be examined. Modern nations include Syria. I have some information about the Middle East. Yemen can be connected. Among Mesopotamian peoples in what is now Iraq, the Babylonians came under the rule of the Assyyrian empire. When this was defeated, a Babylonian empire briefly emerged, but was conquered by the Persian empire. Egypt was conquered by Babylonians and Persians during this period. In Turkey, the Phrygians were present, and most of this area was conquered by the Persians. Persian peoples included Iran, which under the Achamaenid dynasty ruled much of the Middle East.Afghanistan may be connected. Among North African peoples, Morrocco and Algeria can be connected. Among Arabian peoples including what is Saudi Arabia I do not yet have much information. Among South Asian peoples, in India, bronze age farming culture began to spread to central India, and Buddhism and Jainism appeared. In Pakistan, Iron age culture began to penetrate from Persia. In Bangladesh, culture seems to have developed slowly. I have no information on Nepal. I have no details on Sri Lanka. I also nave little information on Central Asian peoples including Uzbekistan. Oriental peoples including those of China where the Eastern Chou dynasty was followed by the Warring states period can be considered. I have no details on Taiwan. In Japan, legend has it that the first emperor began to rule. In South Korea and North Korea there is evidence of bronze working. In Southeast Asia, I know nothing of Australia. I know little of mainland Southeast Asia. I know nothing of Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, or Malaysia during this period. I know little of the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes. I have no information on Indonesia. I know nothing of the Philippines in this period. Among African peoples, Cote D'Ivoire can also be considered. In East African peoples, Uganda can be considered. Among Northern East African peoples I know little of Ethiopia. Among Interior East African peoples, I know little of Sudan. Among Central East African peoples, I know littlle of Tanzania or Kenya. For West African peoples, I have no information on Ghana. I do not yet have information on Southern Coastal West African peoples including those of Nigeria. Central African peoples including Congo and Cameroon can be considered. Southern African peoples including those of South Africa Mozambique, and Madagascar can be considered. Some events from American Indian peoples can possibly be examined. I know nothing of Chile in this period. For Meso-American peoples, Mexico can be connected. For South American Indians, I have no information on Venezuela. I know little of Andean peoples including those of Colombia, Argentina, and Peru. I know little of Amazonian peoples including those of Brazil and Argentina. I know little of Cono/Southern American Indians including those of Argentina. For North American Indian peoples including what is now the United States and Canada I have no information at present. Communities are important, though few modern cities can be traced back to this period. Osaka seems to have been founded in this period. Social structure and change is useful. Social change including particular changes such as the agricultural revolution and the agrarian revolution can be considered. Social change processes, and social change factors can be examined. Social types including hunting and gathering peoples, horticultural peoples, and agrarian peoples can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional tructure, and class structure can be considered. Institutions Religion can be considered. Particular religions can be considered. Pagan religion including Asatic pagan, European pagan, African pagan, and North American pagan religion was still important. Abrahamic religion included the development of Judaism. Asiatic religion is also significant. I have little information on Persian religion, except that Zoroaster appeared. in Indian religion, Buddha and Mahavira were important figures, and in Oriental religion, Confucius and Lao Tzu were important. Early roots of what later became secularism also appeared. Religious organization, practice, and beliefs can be considered. Government including can be considered. Particular governments including early international, national, and local governments can be considered. Government activity, government structure, and law can be connected. Economics including economic systems, industries, and economic activity can be considered. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools might be useful. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be examined. Culture is highly significant for this period.Behavioral culture including recreation and entertainment and cultural events will be useful. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are important. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communications related, industrial related, and service occupations are important. Conceptual culture including graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be applied. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be applied. Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation technology,communication technology, tools, and other artifacts is significant. Anthropology may be useful. Particular groups may be useful. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the Orient will also be useful. Human ecology including environmental impact on people, relations with other life, and human impact on the environment is significant. Physical anthropology is more useful for human dispersion and racial variation than for human origins. Demography and social foundations are also connected. Personal studies will be useful in examining this period. Biography will be useful. Prominent individulas include: Buddha Confucius Lao Tzu Cyrus Zoroaster Homer Mahavira Psychology and the human body can also be connected Physical and natural science is applicable to this period. Physics and chemistry are not as useful as astronomy, earth science, or biology.

Other History

Connections to prehistory are weak. This is also weakly connected with other periods of antiquity through the 2nd millennium BC, which immediately precedes this.

This is followed by classical and medieval history, specifically the early classical period. Much knowledge about this period was lost in late classical times, and especially early medieval times. In late medieval times, investigations began again. In modern times, the principal sources in Western Civilization were Greek and Biblical, which were taken almost without question in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Then, in the 19th century, archeological investigations and othe studies also began. In the 20th century, knowlege of this period has expanded considerably. The future is obscure.

Links to other sites: Not yet developed.

Sociology

Peoples of the world are highly important. Although few of the modern nations existed during this period, they still form something of a guide to examination of the peoples of the early first millennium. Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Malawi, Ecuador, Niger, Guatemala, Senegal, Angola, Zimbabwe, Mali, Zambia, Cuba, Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Tunisia, Czech Republic, Guinea, Rwanda, Serbia, Chad, Hungary, Belarus Somalia, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Sweden, Haiti, Burundi, Benin, Austria Azerbaijan, Honduras, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Tajikistan, Israel, El Salvador, Hong Kong Paraguay, Laos, Sierra Leone, and Jordan can be examined.

In Western Civilization, the preclassic greek peoples were significant. Netherlands can be connected. Among Anglic peoples, I know little of UK except that Iron age technology can be found in this period. Latin peoples including those of Spain can be considered for this period. Among Italic peoples, in Italy, the Etruscans were present and ruled Italic-speaking peoples. Rome was said to have been founded in this period. Among the French peoples, France seems to have been inhabited by Gauls. Among Germanic peoples, I know little of Germany during this period. Among Northeast European peoples, in Russia the nomadic Cimmerians and Scythians seem to have been important. Ukraine can be considered. Poland can be connected. Balkan peoples including those of Romania can be considered.

Asiatic peoples can be examined. Modern nations include Syria. I have some information about the Middle East. Yemen can be connected. Among Mesopotamian peoples in what is now Iraq, the Babylonians came under the rule of the Assyyrian empire. When this was defeated, a Babylonian empire briefly emerged, but was conquered by the Persian empire. Egypt was conquered by Babylonians and Persians during this period. In Turkey, the Phrygians were present, and most of this area was conquered by the Persians. Persian peoples included Iran, which under the Achamaenid dynasty ruled much of the Middle East.Afghanistan may be connected. Among North African peoples, Morrocco and Algeria can be connected. Among Arabian peoples including what is Saudi Arabia I do not yet have much information. Among South Asian peoples, in India, bronze age farming culture began to spread to central India, and Buddhism and Jainism appeared. In Pakistan, Iron age culture began to penetrate from Persia. In Bangladesh, culture seems to have developed slowly. I have no information on Nepal. I have no details on Sri Lanka. I also nave little information on Central Asian peoples including Uzbekistan. Oriental peoples including those of China where the Eastern Chou dynasty was followed by the Warring states period can be considered. I have no details on Taiwan. In Japan, legend has it that the first emperor began to rule. In South Korea and North Korea there is evidence of bronze working. In Southeast Asia, I know nothing of Australia. I know little of mainland Southeast Asia. I know nothing of Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, or Malaysia during this period. I know little of the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes. I have no information on Indonesia. I know nothing of the Philippines in this period.

Among African peoples, Cote D'Ivoire can also be considered. In East African peoples, Uganda can be considered. Among Northern East African peoples I know little of Ethiopia. Among Interior East African peoples, I know little of Sudan. Among Central East African peoples, I know littlle of Tanzania or Kenya. For West African peoples, I have no information on Ghana. I do not yet have information on Southern Coastal West African peoples including those of Nigeria. Central African peoples including Congo and Cameroon can be considered. Southern African peoples including those of South Africa Mozambique, and Madagascar can be considered.

Some events from American Indian peoples can possibly be examined. I know nothing of Chile in this period. For Meso-American peoples, Mexico can be connected. For South American Indians, I have no information on Venezuela. I know little of Andean peoples including those of Colombia, Argentina, and Peru. I know little of Amazonian peoples including those of Brazil and Argentina. I know little of Cono/Southern American Indians including those of Argentina. For North American Indian peoples including what is now the United States and Canada I have no information at present.

Communities are important, though few modern cities can be traced back to this period. Osaka seems to have been founded in this period.

Social structure and change is useful. Social change including particular changes such as the agricultural revolution and the agrarian revolution can be considered. Social change processes, and social change factors can be examined. Social types including hunting and gathering peoples, horticultural peoples, and agrarian peoples can be considered. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional tructure, and class structure can be considered.

Institutions

Religion can be considered. Particular religions can be considered. Pagan religion including Asatic pagan, European pagan, African pagan, and North American pagan religion was still important. Abrahamic religion included the development of Judaism. Asiatic religion is also significant. I have little information on Persian religion, except that Zoroaster appeared. in Indian religion, Buddha and Mahavira were important figures, and in Oriental religion, Confucius and Lao Tzu were important. Early roots of what later became secularism also appeared. Religious organization, practice, and beliefs can be considered. Government including can be considered. Particular governments including early international, national, and local governments can be considered. Government activity, government structure, and law can be connected. Economics including economic systems, industries, and economic activity can be considered. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools might be useful. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be examined.

Culture is highly significant for this period.Behavioral culture including recreation and entertainment and cultural events will be useful. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are important. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communications related, industrial related, and service occupations are important. Conceptual culture including graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be applied. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be applied. Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation technology,communication technology, tools, and other artifacts is significant.

Anthropology may be useful. Particular groups may be useful. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the Orient will also be useful. Human ecology including environmental impact on people, relations with other life, and human impact on the environment is significant. Physical anthropology is more useful for human dispersion and racial variation than for human origins. Demography and social foundations are also connected.

Personal studies will be useful in examining this period. Biography will be useful. Prominent individulas include:

Psychology and the human body can also be connected

Physical and natural science is applicable to this period. Physics and chemistry are not as useful as astronomy, earth science, or biology.