Early 1st Millennium BC


This period will be divided into periods of 100 years.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Antiquity

This period will be divided into periods of 100 years.

10th Century BC (901-1000)

9th Century BC (801-900 BC)

8th Century BC (701-800 BC)

c 800 BC. Homer credited with composing the "Illiad" and the "Odyssey".

7th Century BC (601-700 BC)

c. 650 BC - c. 600 BC Zoroaster, founder of Zoroastrianism, lived and preached in Persia.

6th Century BC (501-600 BC)

c. 599 - c. 525 Mahavira, considered founder of Jainism, lived and preached in India.
c. 560 - c 480 BC Gautama Buddha, considered founder of Buddhism, lived and preached in India.
551 - 479 BC Confucius wrote and taught in China. He is considered the original author of the "Analects".
c. 550 BC Lao-tzu wrote and taught in China, establishing Taoism. He is considered the original author of the "Tao Te Ching".
c. 550 - 539 BC Cyrus the Great established the Persian Empire.


Physical and natural science is applicable to this period. Physics and chemistry are not as useful as astronomy, earth science, or biology. Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and most of all, biography, will be useful in examining this period. Buddha and Confucius probably lived during the later end of this period. Anthropology including social foundations, demography, and physical anthropology may be useful. Human ecology including environmental impact on people, relations with other life, and human impact on the environment is significant. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the Orient will also be useful. Particular groups may be useful.	Links to other sites: Not yet developed.
Culture is highly significant for this period. Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation technology,communication technology, tools, and other artifacts is significant. Conceptual culture including graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be applied. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be applied. Behavioral culture including recreation and entertainment and cultural events will be useful. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are important. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communications related, industrial related, and service occupations are important. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be examined. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools might be useful. Economics including economic activity, industries, and economic systems can be considered. Government including law, government structure and government activity can be considered. Particular governments including local, national, and early international governments can be considered. Religion including religious beliefs, practice, and organization can be considered. Particular religions can be considered. Abrahamic religion included the development of Judaism. Asiatic religion is also significant. I have little information on Persian religion, but in Indian religion, Buddha was an important figure, and in Oriental religion, Confucius was important. Early roots of what later became secularism also appeared. Pagan religion including Asatic pagan, European pagan, African pagan, and North American pagan religion was still important. Sociology Social structure and change is useful. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional tructure, and class structure can be considered. Social types including hunting and gathering peoples, horticultural peoples, and agrarian peoples can be considered. Social change including social change factors, social change processes, and particular changes can be examined. Communities are important, though few modern cities can be traced back to this period. Osaka seems to have been founded in this period. Peoples of the world are highly important. Although few of the modern nations existed during this period, they still form something of a guide to examination of the peoples of the early first millennium. Ukraine, South Africa, Colombia, Sudan, Spain, Argentina, and Poland. Asiatic peoples can be examined. Modern nations include Myanmar. I have some information about the Middle East. Iran, which under the Achamaenid dynasty ruled much of the Middle East. In Turkey, the Phyrgians were present, and most of this area was conquered by the Persians. Egypt was conquered by Babylonians and Persians during this period. Among South Asian peoples, in India, bronze age farming culture began to spread to central India, and Buddhism and Jainism appeared. In Bangladesh, culture seems to have developed slowly. In Pakistan, Iron age culture began to penetrate from Persia. Oriental peoples including those of China where the Eastern Chou dynasty was followed by the Warring states period can be considered. In Japan, legend has it that the first emperor began to rule. In South Korea, there is evidnce of bronze working. In Southeast Asia, I have no information on Indonesia. I know nothing of the Philippines in this period. I know nothing of Vietnam during this period. I know nothing of Thailand. In Western Civilization, the preclassic greek peoples were significant. In Italy, the Etruscans were present and rules Italic-speaking peoples. Rome was said to have been founded in this period. Among Anglic peoples, I know little of UK except that Iron-age technology can be found in this period. Latin peoples including those of France can be considered for this period. Among Northeast European peoples, in Russia the nomadic Cimmerians and Scythians seem to have been important. Among Germanic peoples, I know little of Germany during this period. Among African peoples, Congo can be considered. In East Africa, Ethiopia could be considered. For West African peoples, I have no information on Nigeria Some events from American Indian peoples can possibly be examined. I know nothing of Mexico in this period. For North American Indian peoples including what is now the United States, I have no information at present. For South American Indians, I have no information on Brazil. Other History Connections to prehistory are weak. This is also weakly connected with other periods of antiquity through the 2nd millennium BC, which immediately precedes this. This is followed by classical and medieval history, specifically the early classical period. Much knowledge about this period was lost in late classical times, and especially early medieval times. In late medieval times, investigations began again. In modern times, the principal sources in Western Civilization were Greek and Biblical, which were taken almost without question in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Then, in the 19th century, archeological investigations and othe studies also began. In the 20th century, knowlege of this period has expanded considerably. The future is obscure.

Physical and natural science is applicable to this period. Physics and chemistry are not as useful as astronomy, earth science, or biology.

Personal studies including the human body, psychology, and most of all, biography, will be useful in examining this period. Buddha and Confucius probably lived during the later end of this period.

Anthropology including social foundations, demography, and physical anthropology may be useful. Human ecology including environmental impact on people, relations with other life, and human impact on the environment is significant. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the Orient will also be useful. Particular groups may be useful.

Links to other sites: Not yet developed.

Culture is highly significant for this period. Material culture including foodstuffs, clothing, buildings, transportation technology,communication technology, tools, and other artifacts is significant. Conceptual culture including graphic arts, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy can be applied. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be applied. Behavioral culture including recreation and entertainment and cultural events will be useful. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are important. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communications related, industrial related, and service occupations are important.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be examined. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools might be useful. Economics including economic activity, industries, and economic systems can be considered. Government including law, government structure and government activity can be considered. Particular governments including local, national, and early international governments can be considered. Religion including religious beliefs, practice, and organization can be considered. Particular religions can be considered. Abrahamic religion included the development of Judaism. Asiatic religion is also significant. I have little information on Persian religion, but in Indian religion, Buddha was an important figure, and in Oriental religion, Confucius was important. Early roots of what later became secularism also appeared. Pagan religion including Asatic pagan, European pagan, African pagan, and North American pagan religion was still important.

Sociology

Social structure and change is useful. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional tructure, and class structure can be considered. Social types including hunting and gathering peoples, horticultural peoples, and agrarian peoples can be considered. Social change including social change factors, social change processes, and particular changes can be examined. Communities are important, though few modern cities can be traced back to this period. Osaka seems to have been founded in this period.

Peoples of the world are highly important. Although few of the modern nations existed during this period, they still form something of a guide to examination of the peoples of the early first millennium. Ukraine, South Africa, Colombia, Sudan, Spain, Argentina, and Poland.

Asiatic peoples can be examined. Modern nations include Myanmar. I have some information about the Middle East. Iran, which under the Achamaenid dynasty ruled much of the Middle East. In Turkey, the Phyrgians were present, and most of this area was conquered by the Persians. Egypt was conquered by Babylonians and Persians during this period. Among South Asian peoples, in India, bronze age farming culture began to spread to central India, and Buddhism and Jainism appeared. In Bangladesh, culture seems to have developed slowly. In Pakistan, Iron age culture began to penetrate from Persia. Oriental peoples including those of China where the Eastern Chou dynasty was followed by the Warring states period can be considered. In Japan, legend has it that the first emperor began to rule. In South Korea, there is evidnce of bronze working. In Southeast Asia, I have no information on Indonesia. I know nothing of the Philippines in this period. I know nothing of Vietnam during this period. I know nothing of Thailand.

In Western Civilization, the preclassic greek peoples were significant. In Italy, the Etruscans were present and rules Italic-speaking peoples. Rome was said to have been founded in this period. Among Anglic peoples, I know little of UK except that Iron-age technology can be found in this period. Latin peoples including those of France can be considered for this period. Among Northeast European peoples, in Russia the nomadic Cimmerians and Scythians seem to have been important. Among Germanic peoples, I know little of Germany during this period.

Among African peoples, Congo can be considered. In East Africa, Ethiopia could be considered. For West African peoples, I have no information on Nigeria

Some events from American Indian peoples can possibly be examined. I know nothing of Mexico in this period. For North American Indian peoples including what is now the United States, I have no information at present. For South American Indians, I have no information on Brazil.

Other History

Connections to prehistory are weak. This is also weakly connected with other periods of antiquity through the 2nd millennium BC, which immediately precedes this.

This is followed by classical and medieval history, specifically the early classical period. Much knowledge about this period was lost in late classical times, and especially early medieval times. In late medieval times, investigations began again. In modern times, the principal sources in Western Civilization were Greek and Biblical, which were taken almost without question in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Then, in the 19th century, archeological investigations and othe studies also began. In the 20th century, knowlege of this period has expanded considerably. The future is obscure.