Early 1st Millennium BC


This period will be divided into periods of 100 years.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience History Antiquity 10th Century BC 9th Century BC 8th Century BC 7th Century BC 6th Century BC

This period will be divided into periods of 100 years.

8th Century BC (701-800 BC)

c 800 BC. Homer credited with composing the "Illiad" and the "Odyssey".

7th Century BC (601-700 BC)

c. 650 BC - c. 600 BC Zoroaster, founder of Zoroastrianism, lived and preached in Persia.

6th Century BC (501-600 BC)

c. 599 - c. 525 Mahavira, considered founder of Jainism, lived and preached in India.
c. 560 - c 480 BC Gautama Buddha, considered founder of Buddhism, lived and preached in India.
551 - 479 BC Confucius wrote and taught in China. He is considered the original author of the "Analects".
c. 550 BC Lao-tzu wrote and taught in China, establishing Taoism. He is considered the original author of the "Tao Te Ching".
c. 550 - 539 BC Cyrus the Great established the Persian Empire.


Other History Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected. Other antiquity can be connected. This is preceded by the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, and most immediately by the 2nd millennium BC.	Links to other sites: Not yet developed.
Classical and medieval history The early 1st millennium BC is followed directly by the early classical period including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. In late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century, investigations began again. Modern history The principal sources of knowlede of this period in Western Civilization were Greek and Biblical, which were taken almost without question in early modern times. The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. In the 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century, knowledge of this period was taken from classical sources. In the 19th century, archeological investigations and other studies also began. I do not yet have details of the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, or late 19th century. 20th century Knowlege of this period has expanded considerably. The early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1910s can be connected. The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s can be connected. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be connected. Early 21st century The early 2000s includuing 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected. The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 can be connected. 2010 including the first quarter 2010, second quarter 2010, third quarter 2010, and fourth quarter 2010 can be connected. The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011, third quarter 2011, and fourth quarter 2011 can be considered. 2012 can be connected. The future including the near future, middle future, and far future can be connected. Sociology Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be applied to the 10th century BC, the 9th century BC, the 8th century BC, the 7th century BC, and the 6th century BC. Institutions Religion Particular religions can be considered. Pagan religion including Asatic pagan, European pagan, African pagan, and North American pagan religion was still important. Abrahamic religion included the development of Judaism. Asiatic religion is also significant. I have little information on Persian religion, except that Zoroaster appeared. in Indian religion, Buddha and Mahavira were important figures, and in Oriental religion, Confucius and Lao Tzu were important. Early roots of what later became secularism also appeared. Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured religion can be connected. Religious practice can be considered. Religious beliefs can be considered. Government Particular governments including early international, national, and local governments can be considered. Government activity including state relations, administration, and succession can be considered. Government structure including forms of government, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be connected. Law including international law, Western law, Asiatic law, and tribal law can be connected. Economics Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be connected. Industries including commerical and financial, communications, transportation, building and construction, social and medical, extraction and manufacturing, and agriculture can be connected. Economic activity including consumption, distribution and exchange, and production can be connected. Education Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education might be connected. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums might be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected. Families Particular families might be considered. Kinship might be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected. Culture Behavioral culture Cultural events including holidays, disasters, gatherings, and other events can be connected. Recreation and entertainment including sports, games, theater, dance, and music can be connected. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communications related, industrial related, and service occupations are important. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are important. Conceptual culture Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be considered. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected. Literature including particular works, literary types and genres, literary forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be applied. Material culture Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, medicines, toys, and musical instruments can be connected. Communications technology including graphic communication and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, prserved and processed foods, and raw foods can be connected. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including advanced technology, utilities, machinery, weaponry, chemical technology, fuels, and tools can be connected. Anthropology Particular groups Groups useful in examining this period include: World History Association Human geography including African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the Orient will also be useful. European geography including Balkan, Italian, Iberian, Central European, Eastern European, Northwest European, Island European, and Scandinavian geography can be connected. Human ecology including environmental impact on people, relations with other life, and human impact on the environment is significant. Physical anthropology is more useful for human dispersion and racial variation than for human origins. Demography including population change, population size and structure, deaths, migration, and births can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation are also connected. Personal studies Biography will be useful. Prominent individuals include: Buddha Confucius Lao Tzu Cyrus Zoroaster Homer Mahavira Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements can be considered. Studies of the human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body function, and body systems may also be applicable Science Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, and organism biology may be applicable. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be connected. Astronomy including stellar astronomy and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and chemical substances can be considered. Physics including the structure of matter, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can possibly be applied.

Other History

Prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory, and late prehistory can be connected.

Other antiquity can be connected. This is preceded by the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, and most immediately by the 2nd millennium BC.

Links to other sites: Not yet developed.

Classical and medieval history

The early 1st millennium BC is followed directly by the early classical period including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC. Late classical times including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval times including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. In late medieval times including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century, investigations began again.

Modern history

The principal sources of knowlede of this period in Western Civilization were Greek and Biblical, which were taken almost without question in early modern times.

The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th century, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century can be connected. The 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, and late 17th century can be connected. In the 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century, knowledge of this period was taken from classical sources. In the 19th century, archeological investigations and other studies also began. I do not yet have details of the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, or late 19th century.

20th century

Knowlege of this period has expanded considerably. The early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1910s can be connected. The early mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. The mid 20th century including the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, and late 1950s can be connected. The late mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s can be connected. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s can be connected.

Early 21st century

The early 2000s includuing 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected.

The late 2000s including 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 can be connected. 2010 including the first quarter 2010, second quarter 2010, third quarter 2010, and fourth quarter 2010 can be connected.

The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011, third quarter 2011, and fourth quarter 2011 can be considered. 2012 can be connected.

The future including the near future, middle future, and far future can be connected.

Sociology

Peoples of the world, communities, and social structure and change can be applied to the 10th century BC, the 9th century BC, the 8th century BC, the 7th century BC, and the 6th century BC.

Institutions

Religion

Particular religions can be considered. Pagan religion including Asatic pagan, European pagan, African pagan, and North American pagan religion was still important. Abrahamic religion included the development of Judaism. Asiatic religion is also significant. I have little information on Persian religion, except that Zoroaster appeared. in Indian religion, Buddha and Mahavira were important figures, and in Oriental religion, Confucius and Lao Tzu were important. Early roots of what later became secularism also appeared. Religious organization including highly structured, fragmented, and loosely structured religion can be connected. Religious practice can be considered. Religious beliefs can be considered.

Government

Particular governments including early international, national, and local governments can be considered. Government activity including state relations, administration, and succession can be considered. Government structure including forms of government, heads of state, executive systems, legislative systems, judicial systems, and political parties and interest groups can be connected. Law including international law, Western law, Asiatic law, and tribal law can be connected.

Economics

Economic systems including economic system behavior, economic system types, networks, and firms can be connected. Industries including commerical and financial, communications, transportation, building and construction, social and medical, extraction and manufacturing, and agriculture can be connected. Economic activity including consumption, distribution and exchange, and production can be connected.

Education

Schools including higher education, secondary education, and primary education might be connected. Educational organization including administration, faculty, students, and course material can be connected. Cultural institutions including performance venues, libraries, and museums might be connected. Teaching can be connected. Research can be connected.

Families

Particular families might be considered. Kinship might be connected. Parenting can be connected. Marriage can be connected.

Culture

Behavioral culture

Cultural events including holidays, disasters, gatherings, and other events can be connected. Recreation and entertainment including sports, games, theater, dance, and music can be connected. Occupations including food related, building related, transportation related, communications related, industrial related, and service occupations are important. Customs including vital customs, living and dwelling customs, dress and adornment customs, social interaction customs, and institutional customs are important.

Conceptual culture

Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topics, ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic can be considered. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering, and measurement can be connected. Mathematics including statistics, analysis, geometry, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations can be connected. Literature including particular works, literary types and genres, literary forms, and oral tradition can be connected. Graphic arts including printmaking, painting, and drawing can be connected. Language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world can be applied.

Material culture

Miscellaneous artifacts including sculpture, medicines, toys, and musical instruments can be connected. Communications technology including graphic communication and written communication can be connected. Transportation technology including water transportation, land transportation, and packaging can be connected. Clothing including adornment, garments, and textiles can be connected. Foodstuffs including prepared foods, prserved and processed foods, and raw foods can be connected. Building technology including outdoor structures, complete buildings, building components, furnishings, and materials can be connected. Industrial technology including advanced technology, utilities, machinery, weaponry, chemical technology, fuels, and tools can be connected.

Anthropology

Particular groups

Groups useful in examining this period include:

World History Association

Human geography including African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and Oceanic geography will be useful. Asian geography including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the Orient will also be useful. European geography including Balkan, Italian, Iberian, Central European, Eastern European, Northwest European, Island European, and Scandinavian geography can be connected.

Human ecology including environmental impact on people, relations with other life, and human impact on the environment is significant. Physical anthropology is more useful for human dispersion and racial variation than for human origins. Demography including population change, population size and structure, deaths, migration, and births can be connected. Social foundations including social group behavior, social group types, social control, social interaction, and social presentation are also connected.

Personal studies

Biography will be useful. Prominent individuals include:

Psychology including social psychology, personality, mental disorders, developmental psychology, behavior patterns, mind, and behavioral elements can be considered. Studies of the human body including form and appearance, life cycle, disease, body function, and body systems may also be applicable

Science

Biology including biohistory, ecology, systematics, and organism biology may be applicable. Earth science including geohistory, physical geography, atmospheric science, hydrospheric science, and geology can be connected. Astronomy including stellar astronomy and local astronomy can be considered. Chemistry including chemical systems, chemical change, and chemical substances can be considered. Physics including the structure of matter, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and mechanics can possibly be applied.