Material Culture


This section contains information on man-made artifacts and objects. Divisions include natural resources, food and agricultral technology, industrial technology, building, transportation, communication, medical, and artistic works.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Culture Foodstuffs Clothing Building technology Transportation technology Communications technology Industrial technology Other artifacts

This section contains information on man-made artifacts and objects. Divisions include natural resources, food and agricultral technology, industrial technology, building, transportation, communication, medical, and artistic works.

Culture

Other Artifacts

This includes categories of weaponry, toys and sporting equipment, medical technology, musical instruments, and sculpture.

Communications technology

This includes broad categories of written communication, graphic communication, and electrical communication.

Transportation Technology

This includes broad categories of packaging, land transportation, water transportation, air transportation, and water transportation.

Clothing and dress

Foodstuffs

No major world events have yet been associated with this.

Building technology

1497 - 1547 Michelangelo creates artistic works in poetry, painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Industrial technology

This includes tools and machinery that are not clearly related to other subjects. Tools, chemical technology, and power technology are important categories.


History Information on prehistory can be examined. During early prehistory, it is believed that hominids used stone weapons and tools. but the details are not well known. During middle prehistory, various elements of modern human material culture can be identified. Details of late prehistory are lacking at present. Details on its development during antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennum BC are also lacking.	Links to other sites: Not yet developed
Development in classical and medieval times can be followed somewhat. These include developments in early classical times, late classical times, early medieval times, and late medieval times. In modern times, there has been a progression from the 16th century to the 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late-mid 17th century, and late 17th century. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. . In the 19th century, there was rapid change through the early 19th century, early-mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century. Material culture in the 20th century has changed rapidly through the early 20th century, the early-mid 20th century, and the mid 20th century. I lack detail for the late-mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, and early 1990s. The late 1990s can be connected. The early 21st century can also be connected. This includes developments of the early 2000s including 2001, 200s, 2003, 2005, and 2005. Some elements can be followed in the late 2000s, including 2006 during the first quarter, second quarter, and third quarter, and 2007 down to the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter. 2008 including the first quarter with January, February, and March, second quarter with April, May, and June, and third quarter with July, August, and September can also be considered. The fourth quarter including October and November can also be connected. The future has not yet been well examined. Developments of the near future including next month (Novermber 2008 and December 2008) next quarter, and next year are obscure. The middle future, and far future are obscure. Sociology Peoples of the world are important. Particular nations such as Poland, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria, Canada, Afghanistan, Uganda, Nepal, Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana, Yemen, Taiwan, Romania, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Australia, Madagascar, and Syria are being used to examine this. Western civilization including nations such as Spain is important. Anglic peoples such as the United Kingdom and the United States, Latin peoples including Argentina are important. Italic peoples such as those of Italy can be connected. French peoples including France are important. Hispanic peoples such as those of Colombia can be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples such as those of Mexico can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Germanic peoples such as those of Germany can be connected. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia and Ukraine are important. Asiatic peoples including nations such as Burma are significant. Middle Eastern peoples such as those of Iran can be considered. Egypt can be considered. Turkey can be connected. South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are significant. Oriental peoples such as China, Japan, and South Korea are connected. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Thailand can be considered. Mainland Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Vietnam can also be connected. Peoples of the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including Indonesia and the Philippines can be considered. African peoples such as those of South Africa Sudan, Tanzania can be connected. Eastern African peoples such as those of Ethiopia can be considered. Western African peoples such as those of Nigeria can be considered. Central African peoples such as those of Congo (DR) can be connected. American Indian peoples such as are found in Colombia Argentina are also important. Middle American peoples such as those of the Mexico can be considered. Southwestern American Indian peoples such as those of the southwestern United States can be considered. South American peoples such as those of Brazil can be examined. North American Indian peoples such as those of the United States can be followed. Communities [Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, New York City] are significant to the examination of material culture. Social structure and change is important. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be connected. Social types including hunting and gthering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including social change factors, and processes will also be significant. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution are closely associated with material culture.
Institutions Religion can be connected. Particular religions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion will be more or less influential. Religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and highly structured can be considered. Practices and beliefs will be examined as the site develops. Government including particular governments, government activity, government structure, and law can be connected. economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems, Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be needed. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families may be useful. Other Culture Behavioral culture including cultural events such as miscellanous events, disasters, gatherings, and holidays,recreation and entertainmaine including performing arts, sports and games, occupations, and customs will also be connected. Connections to conceptual culture will also be explored. Philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and schools and doctrines will be explored. Applied science, mathematics, literature, graphic arts, and language can be connected. Anthropology Particular groups are also of some interest.Human geography including European, Asian, African, North American, South American, and Oceanic geography is also valuable. Human ecology, including the effects of the environment, other life forms, and the effects of people on the environment, is more useful. There is a vague connection with physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion, but the details are not clear. Demography including births, death, migration, population structure, and population change has some connections. Social foundations including social presentation, interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types have some connection. Personal studies Biography will be important to material culture. Notable contributors have included: Jesus Mohammed Buddha Confucius Paul Newton Ts'ai Lun Gutenberg Columbus Einstein Pasteur Galileo Psychology including the nervous system, behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental distorers, personality, and social psychology is also important. The human body and body systems, functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance give this division much of its foundation. Science Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory will be vital.Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can possibly be connected. Astronomy has a few connections. Although cosomology, galactic astronomy, and stellar astronomy are not closely connected, Solar system astronomy is sometimes useful. Chemistry is useful because material culture is made of matter and specific substances including elements, compounds, and mixtures. Changes including nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical changes are applicable. Chemical systems including solid, liquid, gas, inorganic, and organic syctems are also applicable. Principles of physics can be applied. Material culture is subject to the laws of mechanics and can be described approximately sometimes, using particle mechanics, more closely using rigid body mechanics, and most accurately involving nonrigid mechanics. Gravitation is also a consideration. Thermodynamics including statistical mechanics, classical thermodynamics, and nonclassical thermodynamics can also be used. Electromagnetism including electrostatics, electric current, magnetism, and optics will be useful. Relativity and quantum theory are less directly useful. The structure of matter including subatomic physics, atomic physics, molecular physics, and bulk matter can be applied. Exotic forms of matter cannot yet be worked with.

History

Information on prehistory can be examined. During early prehistory, it is believed that hominids used stone weapons and tools. but the details are not well known. During middle prehistory, various elements of modern human material culture can be identified. Details of late prehistory are lacking at present.

Details on its development during antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennum BC are also lacking.

Links to other sites:
Not yet developed

Development in classical and medieval times can be followed somewhat. These include developments in early classical times, late classical times, early medieval times, and late medieval times.

In modern times, there has been a progression from the 16th century to the 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late-mid 17th century, and late 17th century.

The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. .

In the 19th century, there was rapid change through the early 19th century, early-mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century.

Material culture in the 20th century has changed rapidly through the early 20th century, the early-mid 20th century, and the mid 20th century. I lack detail for the late-mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s.

The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, and early 1990s. The late 1990s can be connected.

The early 21st century can also be connected. This includes developments of the early 2000s including 2001, 200s, 2003, 2005, and 2005. Some elements can be followed in the late 2000s, including 2006 during the first quarter, second quarter, and third quarter, and 2007 down to the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter. 2008 including the first quarter with January, February, and March, second quarter with April, May, and June, and third quarter with July, August, and September can also be considered. The fourth quarter including October and November can also be connected.

The future has not yet been well examined. Developments of the near future including next month (Novermber 2008 and December 2008) next quarter, and next year are obscure. The middle future, and far future are obscure.

Sociology

Peoples of the world are important. Particular nations such as Poland, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria, Canada, Afghanistan, Uganda, Nepal, Peru, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia Venezuela, Malaysia, North Korea, Ghana, Yemen, Taiwan, Romania, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Australia, Madagascar, and Syria are being used to examine this.

Western civilization including nations such as Spain is important. Anglic peoples such as the United Kingdom and the United States, Latin peoples including Argentina are important. Italic peoples such as those of Italy can be connected. French peoples including France are important. Hispanic peoples such as those of Colombia can be connected. Hispanic Mexican American peoples such as those of Mexico can be connected. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Germanic peoples such as those of Germany can be connected. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia and Ukraine are important.

Asiatic peoples including nations such as Burma are significant. Middle Eastern peoples such as those of Iran can be considered. Egypt can be considered. Turkey can be connected. South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are significant. Oriental peoples such as China, Japan, and South Korea are connected. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Thailand can be considered. Mainland Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Vietnam can also be connected. Peoples of the Southeast Asian Archipelagoes including Indonesia and the Philippines can be considered.

African peoples such as those of South Africa Sudan, Tanzania can be connected. Eastern African peoples such as those of Ethiopia can be considered. Western African peoples such as those of Nigeria can be considered. Central African peoples such as those of Congo (DR) can be connected.

American Indian peoples such as are found in Colombia Argentina are also important. Middle American peoples such as those of the Mexico can be considered. Southwestern American Indian peoples such as those of the southwestern United States can be considered. South American peoples such as those of Brazil can be examined. North American Indian peoples such as those of the United States can be followed.

Communities [Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, New York City] are significant to the examination of material culture.

Social structure and change is important. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be connected. Social types including hunting and gthering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including social change factors, and processes will also be significant. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution are closely associated with material culture.

Institutions

Religion can be connected. Particular religions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion will be more or less influential. Religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and highly structured can be considered. Practices and beliefs will be examined as the site develops. Government including particular governments, government activity, government structure, and law can be connected. economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems, Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be needed. Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families may be useful.

Other Culture

Behavioral culture including cultural events such as miscellanous events, disasters, gatherings, and holidays,recreation and entertainmaine including performing arts, sports and games, occupations, and customs will also be connected. Connections to conceptual culture will also be explored. Philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and schools and doctrines will be explored. Applied science, mathematics, literature, graphic arts, and language can be connected.

Anthropology

Particular groups are also of some interest.Human geography including European, Asian, African, North American, South American, and Oceanic geography is also valuable. Human ecology, including the effects of the environment, other life forms, and the effects of people on the environment, is more useful. There is a vague connection with physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion, but the details are not clear. Demography including births, death, migration, population structure, and population change has some connections. Social foundations including social presentation, interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types have some connection.

Personal studies

Biography will be important to material culture. Notable contributors have included:

Psychology including the nervous system, behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental distorers, personality, and social psychology is also important. The human body and body systems, functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance give this division much of its foundation.

Science

Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory will be vital.Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can possibly be connected. Astronomy has a few connections. Although cosomology, galactic astronomy, and stellar astronomy are not closely connected, Solar system astronomy is sometimes useful. Chemistry is useful because material culture is made of matter and specific substances including elements, compounds, and mixtures. Changes including nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical changes are applicable. Chemical systems including solid, liquid, gas, inorganic, and organic syctems are also applicable.

Principles of physics can be applied. Material culture is subject to the laws of mechanics and can be described approximately sometimes, using particle mechanics, more closely using rigid body mechanics, and most accurately involving nonrigid mechanics. Gravitation is also a consideration. Thermodynamics including statistical mechanics, classical thermodynamics, and nonclassical thermodynamics can also be used. Electromagnetism including electrostatics, electric current, magnetism, and optics will be useful. Relativity and quantum theory are less directly useful. The structure of matter including subatomic physics, atomic physics, molecular physics, and bulk matter can be applied. Exotic forms of matter cannot yet be worked with.

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