Material Culture


This section contains information on man-made artifacts and objects. Divisions include natural resources, food and agricultral technology, industrial technology, building, transportation, communication, medical, and artistic works.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Culture Foodstuffs Clothing Building technology Transportation technology Communications technology Industrial technology Other artifacts

This section contains information on man-made artifacts and objects. Divisions include natural resources, food and agricultral technology, industrial technology, building, transportation, communication, medical, and artistic works.

Culture

Industrial technology

This includes tools and machinery that are not clearly related to other subjects. Tools, chemical technology, and power technology are important categories.

Building technology

1497 - 1547 Michelangelo creates artistic works in poetry, painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Foodstuffs

No major world events have yet been associated with this.

Clothing and dress

Transportation Technology

This includes broad categories of packaging, land transportation, water transportation, air transportation, and water transportation.

Communications technology

This includes broad categories of written communication, graphic communication, and electrical communication.

Other Artifacts

This includes categories of weaponry, toys and sporting equipment, medical technology, musical instruments, and sculpture.


Science Principles of physics can be applied. Material culture is subject to the laws of mechanics and can be described approximately sometimes, using particle mechanics, more closely using rigid body mechanics, and most accurately involving nonrigid mechanics. Gravitation is also a consideration. Thermodynamics including statistical mechanics, classical thermodynamics, and nonclassical thermodynamics can also be used. Electromagnetism including electrostatics, electric current, magnetism, and optics will be useful. Relativity and quantum theory are less directly useful. The structure of matter including subatomic physics, atomic physics, molecular physics, and bulk matter can be applied. Exotic forms of matter cannot yet be worked with.	Links to other sites: Not yet developed
Chemistry is useful because material culture is made of matter and specific substances including elements, compounds, and mixtures. Changes including nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical changes are applicable. Chemical systems including solidl, liquid, gas, inorganic, and organic syctems are also applicable. Astronomy has a few connections. Although cosomology, galactic astronomy, and stellar astronomy are not closely connected, Solar system astronomy is sometimes useful. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can possibly be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory will be vital.
Personal studies The human body and body systems, functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance give this division much of its foundation. Psychology including the nervous system, behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental distorers, personality, and social psychology is also important. Biography will be important to material culture. Notable contributors have included: Jesus Mohammed Buddha Confucius Paul Newton Ts'ai Lun Gutenberg Columbus Einstein Pasteur Galileo Anthropology Social foundations including social presentation, interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types have some connection. Demography including births, death, migration, population structure, and population change has some connections. There is a vague connection with physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion, but the details are not clear. Human ecology, including the effects of the environment, other life forms, and the effects of people on the environment, is more useful. Human geography including European, Asian, African, North American, South American, and Oceanic geography is also valuable. Particular groups are also of some interest. Other Culture Connections to conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, and applied science will also be explored. Philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and schools and doctrines will also be explored. behavioral culture including customs, occupations, performing arts, sportts and games, and cultural events such as miscellanous events, disasters, gatherings, and holidays will also be connected. Institutions Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families may be useful. education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be needed. economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems, government including law, government activites, government organization, and particular governments, and religion including beliefs and practices will be examined as the site develops. Religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and highly structured can be considered. Particular religions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion will be more or less influential. Sociology Social structure and change is important. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be connected. Social types including hunting and gthering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including social change factors, and processes will also be significant. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution are closely associated with material culture. Communities [Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico Dity, New York City] is significant to the examination of material culture. Peoples of the world are important. Particular nations such as Ethiopia, Turkey, Iran, Thailand, and France are being used to examine this. Western civilization including nations such as Germany is important. Anglic peoples such as the United States, Latin peoples including Mexico are important. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia are important. Asiatic peoples including nations such as Egypt are significant. South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are significant. Oriental peoples such as China and Japan are connected. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam can be considered. African peoples such as those of Nigeria can be connected. American Indian peoples such as are found in Mexico are also important. South American peoples such as those of Brazil can be examined. North American Indian peoples such as those of the United States can be followed. History Details on prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory and late prehistory are lacking at present. Details on its development during antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennum BC are also lacking. Development in classical and medieval times can be followed somewhat. These include developments in early classical times, late classical times, early medieval times, and late medieval times. In Modern times, there has been a progression from the 16th century to the 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late-mid 17th century, and late 17th century. The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. . In the 19th century, there was rapid change through the early 19th century, early-mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century. Material culture in the 20th century has changed rapidly through the early 20th century, the early-mid 20th century, and the mid 20th century. I alck detail for the late-mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s. The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, and early 1990s. The late 1990s can be connected. The early 21st century can also be connected. This includes developments of the early 2000s including 2001, 200s, 2003, 2005, and 2005. Some elements can be followed in the late 2000s, including 2006 during the first quarter, second quarter, and third quarter, and 2007 down to the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter. 2008 including the first quarter with January, February, and March, second quarter with April, May, and June, and third quarter with July, August, and September can also be considered. The fourth quarter including October and November can also be connected. The future has not yet been well examined. Developments of the near future including next month (Novermber 2008 and December 2008) next quarter, and next year are obscure. The middle future, and far future are obscure.

Science

Principles of physics can be applied. Material culture is subject to the laws of mechanics and can be described approximately sometimes, using particle mechanics, more closely using rigid body mechanics, and most accurately involving nonrigid mechanics. Gravitation is also a consideration. Thermodynamics including statistical mechanics, classical thermodynamics, and nonclassical thermodynamics can also be used. Electromagnetism including electrostatics, electric current, magnetism, and optics will be useful. Relativity and quantum theory are less directly useful. The structure of matter including subatomic physics, atomic physics, molecular physics, and bulk matter can be applied. Exotic forms of matter cannot yet be worked with.

Links to other sites:
Not yet developed

Chemistry is useful because material culture is made of matter and specific substances including elements, compounds, and mixtures. Changes including nuclear reactions, chemical reactions, and physical changes are applicable. Chemical systems including solidl, liquid, gas, inorganic, and organic syctems are also applicable. Astronomy has a few connections. Although cosomology, galactic astronomy, and stellar astronomy are not closely connected, Solar system astronomy is sometimes useful. Earth science including geology, hydrospheric science, atmospheric science, physical geography, and geohistory can possibly be connected. Biology including molecular biology, cell biology, organism biology, systematics, ecology, and biohistory will be vital.

Personal studies

The human body and body systems, functions, life cycle, disease, and form and appearance give this division much of its foundation. Psychology including the nervous system, behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental distorers, personality, and social psychology is also important. Biography will be important to material culture. Notable contributors have included:

Anthropology

Social foundations including social presentation, interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types have some connection. Demography including births, death, migration, population structure, and population change has some connections. There is a vague connection with physical anthropology including human origins, racial variation, and human dispersion, but the details are not clear. Human ecology, including the effects of the environment, other life forms, and the effects of people on the environment, is more useful. Human geography including European, Asian, African, North American, South American, and Oceanic geography is also valuable. Particular groups are also of some interest.

Other Culture

Connections to conceptual culture including language, graphic arts, literature, mathematics, and applied science will also be explored. Philosophy including metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and schools and doctrines will also be explored. behavioral culture including customs, occupations, performing arts, sportts and games, and cultural events such as miscellanous events, disasters, gatherings, and holidays will also be connected.

Institutions

Families including marriage, parenting, kinship, and particular families may be useful. education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools will be needed. economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems, government including law, government activites, government organization, and particular governments, and religion including beliefs and practices will be examined as the site develops. Religious organization including unstructured, fragmented, and highly structured can be considered. Particular religions including Abrahamic religion, Asiatic religion, secularism, and pagan religion will be more or less influential.

Sociology

Social structure and change is important. Social structure including anthropological structure, cultural structure, institutional structure, class structure, and community and regional structure can be connected. Social types including hunting and gthering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be considered. Social change including social change factors, and processes will also be significant. Particular changes including the agricultural revolution, agrarian revolution, and industrial revolution are closely associated with material culture. Communities [Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico Dity, New York City] is significant to the examination of material culture. Peoples of the world are important. Particular nations such as Ethiopia, Turkey, Iran, Thailand, and France are being used to examine this.

Western civilization including nations such as Germany is important. Anglic peoples such as the United States, Latin peoples including Mexico are important. Lusitanic peoples including those of Brazil can be connected. Northeast European peoples such as those of Russia are important.

Asiatic peoples including nations such as Egypt are significant. South Asian peoples such as those of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are significant. Oriental peoples such as China and Japan are connected. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam can be considered.

African peoples such as those of Nigeria can be connected.

American Indian peoples such as are found in Mexico are also important. South American peoples such as those of Brazil can be examined. North American Indian peoples such as those of the United States can be followed.

History

Details on prehistory including early prehistory, middle prehistory and late prehistory are lacking at present.

Details on its development during antiquity including the 5th millennium BC, 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, 2nd millennium BC, and early 1st millennum BC are also lacking.

Development in classical and medieval times can be followed somewhat. These include developments in early classical times, late classical times, early medieval times, and late medieval times.

In Modern times, there has been a progression from the 16th century to the 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late-mid 17th century, and late 17th century.

The 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be connected. .

In the 19th century, there was rapid change through the early 19th century, early-mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late-mid 19th century, and late 19th century.

Material culture in the 20th century has changed rapidly through the early 20th century, the early-mid 20th century, and the mid 20th century. I alck detail for the late-mid 20th century including the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, and late 1970s.

The late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, and early 1990s. The late 1990s can be connected.

The early 21st century can also be connected. This includes developments of the early 2000s including 2001, 200s, 2003, 2005, and 2005. Some elements can be followed in the late 2000s, including 2006 during the first quarter, second quarter, and third quarter, and 2007 down to the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter. 2008 including the first quarter with January, February, and March, second quarter with April, May, and June, and third quarter with July, August, and September can also be considered. The fourth quarter including October and November can also be connected.

The future has not yet been well examined. Developments of the near future including next month (Novermber 2008 and December 2008) next quarter, and next year are obscure. The middle future, and far future are obscure.

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