Literature


Literature is taken in a very broad sense on this site. The major divisions include works of literature, literary types, Literary forms and genres, and oral tradition.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Culture Conceptual Culture Oral traditions Literary forms Literary types and genres Works

Literature is taken in a very broad sense on this site. The major divisions include works of literature, literary types, Literary forms and genres, and oral tradition.

Works

This includes specific works and bodies of literature.

Types and Genres

This includes categories such as poetry and prose, with prose subdivided into nonfiction and imaginative literature.

Forms

This topic has to do with the length and authorship of works, including works of single authors and works of multiple authors such as compilations, serial and periodical literature.

Oral Tradition

c 800 BC. Homer credited with composing the Illiad and the Odyssey.


History The history of literature can only be surveyed in broad, general terms. Mostly, it can be examined from antiquity onward through classical and medieval and modern times.
Prehistory There is no known written literature dating from prehistory. It is presumed that oral tradition long predated written literature, but reliable information has not survived. Prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pliestocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, 2nd decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 7th millennium BC, early 8th millennium BC, and late 8th millennium BC can be connected. Antiquity The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected. Classical and medieval history Early classical history including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical history including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval history including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval history including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century has more. Modern history The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th cnetury, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century lacks specific detail. I do not yet have much detail of the 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, or late 17th century. I do not het have much detail of the 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, or late 18th century. During the 19th century, more people began to be literate, and literature continued to flourish. During the early 19th century, the early-mid 19th century, and the mid-19th century, the number of books, publications, and writers continued to increase. The late-mid 19th century incuding the early 1860s, late 1860s, early 1870s, and late 1870s can be connected. The late 19th century inlcuding the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1890s, and late 1890s can be connected. In the 20th century it proliferated with the industrialization of printing and publishing. In the early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1910s trends are difficult to summarize here. The early-mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. In the mid-20th century, a great deal of magazine and journal literature thrived. I do not yet have details of the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, or late 1950s. In the late-mid 20th century, All forms of literature continued to flourish, but trends are difficult to detect at this scale. I do not yet have details of the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, or late 1970s. In late 20th century, electronic and computer publishing began to develop, though it did not replace written literature. I do not yet have details of the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, or late 1990s. Early 21st century The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected. The late 2000s including 20006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 can be connected. The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011 can be connected. Its future is undetermined. Sociology Particular peoples have literatures. Literatures of particular nations including India, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Russia are not yet discussed in much detail. Western civilization including the United States is the best developed. Anglic, Latin, Germanic, Northeast European, Balkan, and Scandinavian peoples all have extensive literatures. Literatures of Western Civilization are followed by those of Asiatic peoples. China can be connected. Middle Eastern, Oriental, Indian, and Southeast Asian peoples all have literatures, but there is fairly little from Central Asian peoples. African peoples have fairly little accessible literature. American Indian peoples including those of the United States have a little literature. It is also connected to particular communities, which will be examined as these subjects are better developed. Social structure and change including social structure will be useful in examining literature. Social change including particular changes and movements, social change processes, and social change factors can be connected. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be connected. Social structure including community and regional structure, class structure, institutional structure, cultural structure, and anthropological structure can be connected. Institutions Religion, including religious beliefs, religious practice, religious organzations can be connected. Particular religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, secularism, Asiatic religion, and pagen religion has various influences on literature. Government including particular governments, government activity, government structure, and law can be connected. Economics including economic systems, industries, and economic activities can be connected. Education including schools, educational organization, cultural institutions, teaching, and research can be connected. Families including particular families, kinship, parenting, and marriage can be connected. Other Culture Literature is also connected to behavioral culture, including customs, occupations, sports and recreation, performing arts, and events. It depends heavily on language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world. It may include graphics. Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topis, asethetics, ethids, metaphysics, epistomology, and logic may perhaps be applied. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be connected. It does not depend heavily on mathematics including statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations although these may be applied to it. Literature is closely connected to parts of material culture, not so much foodstuffs or clothing and dress, but some on buildings, not a great deal on transportation, but heavily on communication technology, a little on industrial technology, and little on other artifacts. Anthropology including social foundations will be significant in the study of literature. Particular groups can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and North American geography can be connected. Human ecology including human effects on the environment, institutions, and environmental effects on people can be connected. Physical anthropology including human dispersion, racial variation, and human origins can be connected. Demography including population change, population size and structure, morbidity and mortality, migration, and birth can be connected. Personal studies are more useful. The human body has indirect connections. Biography, including authorship, is highly important in literature Prominent authors or subjects of writing include: Jesus Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, disorders, personality, and social psychology is more directly useful. Science is only indirectly connected to literature, although Earth science is among the more useful areas. Physical geography including terrestrial geography will be useful. Biology will also be useful.

History

The history of literature can only be surveyed in broad, general terms. Mostly, it can be examined from antiquity onward through classical and medieval and modern times.

Prehistory

There is no known written literature dating from prehistory. It is presumed that oral tradition long predated written literature, but reliable information has not survived.

Prehistory including the Pliocene, early Pleistocene, early mid Pleistocene, late mid Pliestocene, and late Pleistocene can be connected. Middle prehistory including the 5th decamillennium BP, 4th decamillennium BP, 3rd decamillennium BP, 2nd decamillennium BP can be connected. Late prehistory including the early 8th millennium BC, late 8th millennium BC, early 7th millennium BC, late 7th millennium BC, early 8th millennium BC, and late 8th millennium BC can be connected.

Antiquity

The 5th millennium BC including the early 5th millennium BC, early mid 5th millennium BC, mid 5th millennium BC, late mid 5th millennium BC, and late 5th millennium BC can be connected. The 4th millennium BC including the early 4th millennium BC, early mid 4th millennium BC, mid 4th millennium BC, late mid 4th millennium BC, and late 4th millennium BC can be connected. The 3rd millennium BC including the early 3rd millennium BC, early mid 3rd millennium BC, mid 3rd millennium BC, late mid 3rd millennium BC, and late 3rd millennium BC can be connected. The 2nd millennium BC including the early 2nd millennium BC, early mid 2nd millennium BC, mid 2nd millennium BC, late mid 2nd millennium BC, and late 2nd millennium BC can be connected. The early 1st millennium BC including the 10th century BC, 9th century BC, 8th century BC, 7th century BC, and 6th century BC can be connected.

Classical and medieval history

Early classical history including the 5th century BC, 4th century BC, 3rd century BC, 2nd century BC, and 1st century BC can be connected. Late classical history including the 1st century CE, 2nd century CE, 3rd century CE, 4th century CE, and 5th century CE can be connected. Early medieval history including the 6th century, 7th century, 8th century, 9th century, and 10th century can be connected. Late medieval history including the 11th century, 12th century, 13th century, 14th century, and 15th century has more.

Modern history

The 16th century including the early 16th century, early mid 16th cnetury, mid 16th century, late mid 16th century, and late 16th century lacks specific detail. I do not yet have much detail of the 17th century including the early 17th century, early mid 17th century, mid 17th century, late mid 17th century, or late 17th century. I do not het have much detail of the 18th century including the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, or late 18th century.

During the 19th century, more people began to be literate, and literature continued to flourish. During the early 19th century, the early-mid 19th century, and the mid-19th century, the number of books, publications, and writers continued to increase. The late-mid 19th century incuding the early 1860s, late 1860s, early 1870s, and late 1870s can be connected. The late 19th century inlcuding the early 1880s, late 1880s, early 1890s, and late 1890s can be connected.

In the 20th century it proliferated with the industrialization of printing and publishing. In the early 20th century including the early 1900s, late 1900s, early 1910s, and late 1910s trends are difficult to summarize here. The early-mid 20th century including the early 1920s, late 1920s, early 1930s, and late 1930s can be connected. In the mid-20th century, a great deal of magazine and journal literature thrived. I do not yet have details of the early 1940s, late 1940s, early 1950s, or late 1950s. In the late-mid 20th century, All forms of literature continued to flourish, but trends are difficult to detect at this scale. I do not yet have details of the early 1960s, late 1960s, early 1970s, or late 1970s. In late 20th century, electronic and computer publishing began to develop, though it did not replace written literature. I do not yet have details of the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, or late 1990s.

Early 21st century

The early 2000s including 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 can be connected. The late 2000s including 20006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 can be connected. The early 2010s can be connected. 2011 can be connected. The first quarter 2011 including January 2011, February 2011, and March 2011 can be connected. The second quarter 2011 can be connected.

Its future is undetermined.

Sociology

Particular peoples have literatures. Literatures of particular nations including India, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Russia are not yet discussed in much detail. Western civilization including the United States is the best developed. Anglic, Latin, Germanic, Northeast European, Balkan, and Scandinavian peoples all have extensive literatures. Literatures of Western Civilization are followed by those of Asiatic peoples. China can be connected. Middle Eastern, Oriental, Indian, and Southeast Asian peoples all have literatures, but there is fairly little from Central Asian peoples. African peoples have fairly little accessible literature. American Indian peoples including those of the United States have a little literature.

It is also connected to particular communities, which will be examined as these subjects are better developed.

Social structure and change including social structure will be useful in examining literature. Social change including particular changes and movements, social change processes, and social change factors can be connected. Social types including hunting and gathering societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, and industrial societies can be connected. Social structure including community and regional structure, class structure, institutional structure, cultural structure, and anthropological structure can be connected.

Institutions

Religion, including religious beliefs, religious practice, religious organzations can be connected. Particular religious traditions including Abrahamic religion, secularism, Asiatic religion, and pagen religion has various influences on literature.

Government including particular governments, government activity, government structure, and law can be connected. Economics including economic systems, industries, and economic activities can be connected. Education including schools, educational organization, cultural institutions, teaching, and research can be connected. Families including particular families, kinship, parenting, and marriage can be connected.

Other Culture

Literature is also connected to behavioral culture, including customs, occupations, sports and recreation, performing arts, and events.

It depends heavily on language including linguistics, writing, and languages of the world. It may include graphics. Philosophy including philosophical schools and doctrines, special topis, asethetics, ethids, metaphysics, epistomology, and logic may perhaps be applied. Applied science including applied social science, accounting, information science, medical science, navigation, engineering science, and measurement can be connected. It does not depend heavily on mathematics including statistics, geometry, analysis, algebra, arithmetic, and mathematical foundations although these may be applied to it.

Literature is closely connected to parts of material culture, not so much foodstuffs or clothing and dress, but some on buildings, not a great deal on transportation, but heavily on communication technology, a little on industrial technology, and little on other artifacts.

Anthropology including social foundations will be significant in the study of literature. Particular groups can be connected. Human geography including European geography, Asian geography, African geography, North American geography, South American geography, and North American geography can be connected. Human ecology including human effects on the environment, institutions, and environmental effects on people can be connected. Physical anthropology including human dispersion, racial variation, and human origins can be connected. Demography including population change, population size and structure, morbidity and mortality, migration, and birth can be connected.

Personal studies are more useful. The human body has indirect connections.

Biography, including authorship, is highly important in literature Prominent authors or subjects of writing include:

Jesus

Psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, disorders, personality, and social psychology is more directly useful.

Science is only indirectly connected to literature, although Earth science is among the more useful areas. Physical geography including terrestrial geography will be useful. Biology will also be useful.