Linguistics


Linguistics includes several subdivisions, at increasing levels of structure. These include phonetics, word forms, syntax, semantics, and linguistic change.	Sapience Home Site Map About Sapience Culture Conceptual Culture Language

Linguistics includes several subdivisions, at increasing levels of structure. These include phonetics, word forms, syntax, semantics, and linguistic change.

Linguistic change

This includes processes of linguistic change, such as linguistic borrowing and alteration, and changes of pronunciation, grammar, and meaning over time, and the division or merging of languages.

Semantics

This is the study of the meaning and use of language and. It includes subjects of the lexicon or vocabulary; denotation, or the correspondence of words and utterances to external things or events; connotation, or emotional associations that words may have; and conceptual structure, which includes categories of words.

Syntax

This includes studies of parts of speech, or how words function in utterances; phrases, or combinations of words; sentence structure; and and grammatical transformations.

Word Forms

This includes such things as syllables, which are here taken as combinations of sounds; Word stems, which are basic forms that can be altered in some way; affixes which include prefixes and suffixes, intonation, which includes such subjects as stress, pitch, rhythm, and tone, and variation, which combines the examination of various forms of a basic stem word.

Phonetics

This includes such things as articulartory phonetics, how speech sounds are produced, acoustic phonetics, or how they are transmitted, and auditory phonetics, how they are heard. phonology deals with how sound functions, and phonemics with how sounds are represented in writing


History including prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval history can be examined. Modern history including the 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century can be examined. The future can also be examined.	Links to other sites
Sociology including communities and social structure and change can be connected. Peoples of the world including nations and major groups of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be connected. Institutions including religion, government, economics, education, and families can be connected. Other areas of culture including behavioral culture, other areas of conceptual culture, and material culture can be connected. This will include connections to personal studies and anthropology. Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology seems to have only limited direct connections.

History including prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval history can be examined. Modern history including the 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, and 20th century can be examined. The future can also be examined.

Links to other sites

Sociology including communities and social structure and change can be connected. Peoples of the world including nations and major groups of Western Civilization, Asiatic peoples, African peoples, and American Indian peoples can be connected.

Institutions including religion, government, economics, education, and families can be connected. Other areas of culture including behavioral culture, other areas of conceptual culture, and material culture can be connected.

This will include connections to personal studies and anthropology. Science including physics, chemistry, astronomy, earth science, and biology seems to have only limited direct connections.