Demography

Demography includes study of the basic processses of human population changes including: birth and fertility, migration, morbidity and mortality, population structure, and population change.

   

Birth and fertility

This includes studies of fertility and birth and their rates, and factors that influence them.

Migration

This includes studies of immigration and emigration. This is more difficult to quantify than other areas.

Morbidity and mortality

This includes studies of illness and death and their rates. This is closely connected to other areas of anthropology.

Population structure

This includes a study of the age and sex structure of a population, which is useful in possible changes. It includes other subcategorizations, such as geographic, racial, or other possible subdivisions.

Population change

This includes a study of population growth and decline. This includes techniques of progression or prediction of the future and forecasting, and retrogression; attempting to determine the past on the basis of current populations.


   

This is connected to science, though not directly to physics or chemistry. Astronomy including cosmology, galactic astronomy and stellar astronomy is mostly speculative, but solar system stronomy has some potential applications. Earth science including geology, the hydrosphere, atmospheric science, and physical geography can be connected. Indirect evidence of demography can be gained from geohistory, particularly fossils of the Cenozoic era.

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There are better connections to biology. Molecular biology and cell biology are not as useful as organism biology involving habitat, tissues, organ systems, morphology, life cycle, and behavior. Systematics is useful, not so much for microbes, protists, plants, or fungi but for animals. Ecology including behavioral ecology, mostly population ecology, but also community ecology, system ecology, evolution, ecosystems, and biogeography is related. Biohistory has limited usefulness, but estimates of human population in the Cenozoic era have been made.

It is also connected to personal studies, including the human body and body systems, body function, disease, and form. The human life cycle including gestation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, senescence, and death is closely connected. It depends somewhat on psychology including behavioral elements, mind, behavior patterns, developmental psychology, mental disorders, personality, and social psychology. It also depends a little on biography.

It is also connected to social foundations including social presentation, social interaction, social control, social group behavior, and group types. It is also connected to physical anthropology, human ecology, human geography, and particular groups.

Demography is also connected to culture including material culture, conceptual culture including language, graphics, literature, mathematics, applied science, and philosophy, and behavioral culture including customs, occupations, recreatin and entertainment, and cultural events.

Institutions

Families including mariage, parenting, kinship, and particular families can be connected. Education including research, teaching, cultural institutions, educational organization, and particular schools can be examined. Economics including economic activities, industries, and economic systems can be connected. Government including law, government structure, government activity, and particular governments has some influence. Religion including religious belief, practice, organization, and particular religions have some influence on the study of demography.

Sociology

Social structure and change including social structure and social types can be connected. Social change such as social change factors, social change processes, and particular changes and movements can be connected. Communities such as Tokyo, Seoul, Mexico City, and New York City provide examples. Particular peoples provide examples. nations such as Mexico, the Philippines, Vietnam, Germany, Egypt, and Ethiopia can be considered.

Western civilization including Russia can be considered. Anglic peoples including those of the United States are especially important. Latin peoples including those of Brazil can be considered.

Asiatic peoples such as those of Japan can be considered. South Asian peoples such as those of India,Pakistan, and Bangladesh can be considered. Oriental peoples such as those of China can be considered. Southeast Asian peoples such as those of Indonesia can be considered.

African peoples including those of Nigeria will also be useful. American Indian peoples found in the United States and Brazil are less directly useful.

History

It is also connected to prehistory, antiquity, and classical and medieval history. The subject has developed most in modern times. It was not well studied in the 16th century or 17th century, but in the 18th century it began to be studied. Events of the early 18th century, early mid 18th century, mid 18th century, late mid 18th century, and late 18th century can be considered.

It was developed in the 19th century including the early 19th century, early mid 19th century, mid 19th century, late mid 19th century, and late 19th century.

It has become especially developed in the 20th century, including the early 20th century, early-mid 20th century, mid 20th century, and late-mid 20th century. Developments of the late 20th century including the early 1980s, late 1980s, early 1990s, and late 1990s.

In the early 21st century, developments of the early 2000s and late 2000s including 2006 and 2007 are being considered. 2008 including the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter with July, August, and September and fourth quarter including October and November can be connected.

Its future including the near future with next month, next quarter, and next year, the middle future, and far future is obscure.


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© 2006-2008 Thad Coons
Created 28 Nov 2006, Updated 20 Nov 2008